Python File Handling: Read and Write Files

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File Handling in Python

Python's built-in functions make file I/O simple. The with statement closes files automatically, even on errors.

Reading

with open("data.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    content = f.read()
    lines = f.readlines()

Writing

with open("out.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.write("Line 1
")

Modes

"r" read, "w" write (overwrites), "a" append, "b" binary. Always specify encoding="utf-8" for text files. Use pathlib.Path for cross-platform paths.